网络管理-白红宇

网络管理

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发布时间：2019-06-26

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2013年3月3日

网络管理

一、IP地址

1、查看IP地址

[root@desktop7 ~]# ifconfig eth0 |head -n 5

eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 50:46:5D:71:C2:F1

inet6 addr: fe80::5246:5dff:fe71:c2f1/64 Scope:Link

UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1

RX packets:81 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

TX packets:104 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

2、修改IP地址

[root@desktop7 ~]# ifconfig eth0 192.168.0.211

[root@desktop7 ~]# ifconfig eth0 |head -n 5

eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 50:46:5D:71:C2:F1

inet addr:192.168.0.211 Bcast:192.168.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0

inet6 addr: fe80::5246:5dff:fe71:c2f1/64 Scope:Link

UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1

RX packets:342 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

3、修改子网掩码

[root@desktop7 ~]# ifconfig eth0 192.168.0.211 netmask 255.255.0.0

[root@desktop7 ~]# ifconfig eth0 |head -n 3

eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 50:46:5D:71:C2:F1

inet addr:192.168.0.211 Bcast:192.168.255.255 Mask:255.255.0.0

inet6 addr: fe80::5246:5dff:fe71:c2f1/64 Scope:Link

为便于验证，改为另一网段

[root@desktop7 ~]# ifconfig eth0 192.168.0.211 netmask 255.255.255.0

[root@desktop7 ~]# ifconfig eth0 |head -n 3

eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 50:46:5D:71:C2:F1

inet addr:192.168.0.211 Bcast:192.168.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0

inet6 addr: fe80::5246:5dff:fe71:c2f1/64 Scope:Link

[root@desktop7 ~]#

4、关闭网卡

关闭前

[root@desktop7 ~]# ifconfig eth0 |head -n 5

eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 50:46:5D:71:C2:F1

inet addr:192.168.0.211 Bcast:192.168.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0

inet6 addr: fe80::5246:5dff:fe71:c2f1/64 Scope:Link

UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1

RX packets:342 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

关闭网卡

[root@desktop7 ~]# ifconfig eth0 down

关闭后

[root@desktop7 ~]# ifconfig eth0 |head -n 5

eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 50:46:5D:71:C2:F1

inet addr:192.168.0.211 Bcast:192.168.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0

BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1

RX packets:342 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

TX packets:214 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

[root@desktop7 ~]#

5、打开网卡

[root@desktop7 ~]# ifconfig eth0 up

[root@desktop7 ~]# ifconfig eth0 |head -n 5

eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 50:46:5D:71:C2:F1

inet addr:192.168.0.211 Bcast:192.168.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0

inet6 addr: fe80::5246:5dff:fe71:c2f1/64 Scope:Link

UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1

RX packets:342 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

[root@desktop7 ~]#

6、简单方式关闭、打开网卡

（1）关闭网卡

[root@desktop7 ~]# ifdown eth0

[root@desktop7 ~]# ifconfig eth0 |head -n 5

eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 50:46:5D:71:C2:F1

BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1

RX packets:342 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

TX packets:241 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000

（2）打开网卡

[root@desktop7 ~]# ifup eth0

[root@desktop7 ~]# ifconfig eth0 |head -5

eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 50:46:5D:71:C2:F1

inet6 addr: fe80::5246:5dff:fe71:c2f1/64 Scope:Link

UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1

RX packets:342 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

TX packets:257 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

[root@desktop7 ~]#

7、查看本机所有网卡（NIC）信息

[root@desktop7 ~]# ifconfig -a

br0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 50:46:5D:71:C2:F1

inet addr:192.168.0.7 Bcast:192.168.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0

inet6 addr: fe80::5246:5dff:fe71:c2f1/64 Scope:Link

UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1

RX packets:342 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

TX packets:125 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

collisions:0 txqueuelen:0

RX bytes:37321 (36.4 KiB) TX bytes:22797 (22.2 KiB)

eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 50:46:5D:71:C2:F1

inet6 addr: fe80::5246:5dff:fe71:c2f1/64 Scope:Link

UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1

RX packets:342 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

TX packets:257 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000

RX bytes:42133 (41.1 KiB) TX bytes:60062 (58.6 KiB)

Interrupt:233 Base address:0x6000

lo Link encap:Local Loopback

inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0

inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host

UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1

RX packets:2742 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

TX packets:2742 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

collisions:0 txqueuelen:0

RX bytes:4120944 (3.9 MiB) TX bytes:4120944 (3.9 MiB)

sit0 Link encap:IPv6-in-IPv4

NOARP MTU:1480 Metric:1

RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

collisions:0 txqueuelen:0

RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:0 (0.0 b)

virbr0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:00:00:00:00:00

inet addr:192.168.122.1 Bcast:192.168.122.255 Mask:255.255.255.0

UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1

RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

TX packets:20 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

collisions:0 txqueuelen:0

RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:3617 (3.5 KiB)

vnet0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr FE:54:00:00:00:CF

inet6 addr: fe80::fc54:ff:fe00:cf/64 Scope:Link

UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1

RX packets:6 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

TX packets:305 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

collisions:0 txqueuelen:500

RX bytes:384 (384.0 b) TX bytes:47407 (46.2 KiB)

vnet1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr FE:54:00:00:00:6B

inet6 addr: fe80::fc54:ff:fe00:6b/64 Scope:Link

UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1

RX packets:6 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

TX packets:305 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

collisions:0 txqueuelen:500

RX bytes:384 (384.0 b) TX bytes:47226 (46.1 KiB)

[root@desktop7 ~]#

二、网络服务

1、查看网络状态

[root@desktop7 ~]# service network sdatus

Usage: /etc/init.d/network {start|stop|restart|reload|status}

[root@desktop7 ~]# /etc/init.d/network status

Configured devices:

lo br0 eth0

Currently active devices:

lo eth0 br0 virbr0 vnet0 vnet1

[root@desktop7 ~]#

2、停止网络服务

[root@desktop7 ~]# service network stop

Shutting down interface br0: [ OK ]

Shutting down interface eth0: [ OK ]

Shutting down loopback interface: [ OK ]

Disabling IPv4 packet forwarding: net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0

[ OK ]

查看网络状态

[root@desktop7 ~]# service network status

Configured devices:

lo br0 eth0

Currently active devices:

virbr0 vnet0 vnet1

[root@desktop7 ~]#

3、重启网络服务

[root@desktop7 ~]# service network restart

Shutting down loopback interface: [ OK ]

Bringing up loopback interface: [ OK ]

Bringing up interface eth0: [ OK ]

Bringing up interface br0:

Determining IP information for br0... done.

[ OK ]

查看网络状态

[root@desktop7 ~]# service network status

Configured devices:

lo br0 eth0

Currently active devices:

lo eth0 br0 virbr0 vnet0 vnet1

[root@desktop7 ~]#

三、网关

1、查看网关状态

[root@desktop7 ~]# route

Kernel IP routing table

Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface

192.168.0.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 br0

192.168.122.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 virbr0

169.254.0.0 * 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 br0

default 192.168.0.254 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 br0

用数字显示

[root@desktop7 ~]# route -n

Kernel IP routing table

Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface

192.168.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 br0

192.168.122.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 virbr0

169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 br0

0.0.0.0 192.168.0.254 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 br0

[root@desktop7 ~]#

2、删除多余网关

[root@desktop7 ~]# route del -net 169.254.0.0/16

[root@desktop7 ~]# route del -net 192.168.122.0/24

[root@desktop7 ~]# route del default gw 192.168.0.254

查看状态

[root@desktop7 ~]# route -n

Kernel IP routing table

Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface

192.168.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 br0

[root@desktop7 ~]#

3、新增网关

（1）添加默认网关

[root@desktop7 ~]# route add default gw 192.168.0.253

（2）添加172.16.0.0/16网段网关

[root@desktop7 ~]# route add -net 172.16.0.0/16 gw 192.168.0.11

（3）添加10.0.0.0/8网段网关

[root@desktop7 ~]# route add -net 10.0.0.0/8 gw 192.168.0.22

查看状态

[root@desktop7 ~]# route -n

Kernel IP routing table

Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface

192.168.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 br0

172.16.0.0 192.168.0.11 255.255.0.0 UG 0 0 0 br0

10.0.0.0 192.168.0.22 255.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 br0

0.0.0.0 192.168.0.253 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 br0

[root@desktop7 ~]#

（4）最后删除多余网段路由

[root@desktop7 ~]# route del -net 172.16.0.0/16

[root@desktop7 ~]# route del -net 10.0.0.0/8

[root@desktop7 ~]# route del default gw 192.168.0.253

查看状态

[root@desktop7 ~]# route -n

Kernel IP routing table

Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface

192.168.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 br0

[root@desktop7 ~]#

四、网关配置文件

[root@desktop7 ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/route-eth0

GATEWAY0=192.168.0.253

NETMASK0=0.0.0.0

DDRESS0=0.0.0.0

GATEWAY1=192.168.0.254

NETMASK1=255.255.0.0

ADDRESS1=172.16.0.0

另外一种书写方式

[root@desktop211 ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/route-eth0

172.16.0.0/16 via 192.168.0.254

0.0.0.0 via 192.168.0.253

五、DNS配置文件

[root@desktop7 ~]# vi /etc/resolv.conf

; generated by /sbin/dhclient-script

search example.com

nameserver 202.106.0.20

nameserver 8.8.8.8

六、主机名

1、查看主机名

[root@desktop7 ~]# hostname

desktop7.example.com

2、修改主机名

[root@desktop7 ~]# hostname desktop211.example.com

查看修改结果

[root@desktop7 ~]# hostname

desktop211.example.com

[root@desktop7 ~]#

注销，主机名生效

[root@desktop211 ~]# hostname

desktop211.example.com

[root@desktop211 ~]#

改回原主机名

[root@desktop211 ~]# hostname desktop7.example.com

[root@desktop211 ~]#

[root@desktop7 ~]# hostname

desktop7.example.com

[root@desktop7 ~]#

3、主机名配置文件

[root@desktop7 ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network

NETWORKING=yes

NETWORKING_IPV6=yes

HOSTNAME=desktop7.example.com

注意：未修改配置文件，单纯用命令修改主机名注销后虽然能生效，但重启主机后仍为原主机名

[root@desktop211 ~]# hostname

desktop211.example.com

[root@desktop211 ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network

NETWORKING=yes

NETWORKING_IPV6=yes

HOSTNAME=desktop7.example.com

反之，只修改配置文件，不用命令修改主机名，重启主机后新主机名生效

七、IP

IP配置文件

[root@desktop211 ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

DEVICE=eth0

BOOTPROTO=dhcp

ONBOOT=yes

BRIDGE=br0

NETMASK=255.255.255.0

GATEWAY=192.168.0.253

DNS1=202.106.0.20

DNS2=8.8.8.8

转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/fengzhao001/1156267

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